Cannabis Seed Germination: Step by Step Guide

What happens during germination?

Germination is the process where the seed absorbs water and breaks dormancy. The shell cracks and the radicle (first root) emerges. Then cotyledons appear and the seedling seeks light. This takes 24 hours to 7 days depending on genetics and conditions. Ideal temperature is 72 to 82°F (22 to 28°C) with 70% to 90% relative humidity.

The paper towel method

The most popular method among home growers. Place the seed between two damp (not soaking) paper towels in a plate or container. Cover with another plate or plastic wrap. Keep in a dark warm place. Check daily: when the white root is about 0.5 to 1 inch long, transfer to the growing medium. Handle carefully to avoid damaging the fragile root.

Direct germination in medium

More natural method: plant the seed directly in the final medium about 0.5 cm deep, pointed end down. Keep the soil moist but not soaked. Cover the pot with plastic wrap to create a greenhouse effect. This method avoids transplant stress and root damage. The downside is you cannot see progress and it takes longer to confirm germination.

Essential care during germination

Use quality seeds stored in a dark dry place. Very light or greenish seeds are usually not viable. Never use fertilizer during germination: the seed has enough nutrients for the first few days. Keep the medium lightly moist but never waterlogged. Excess water causes rot. If no sign of germination after 10 days, the seed was likely not viable.

After germination: first care tips

Once the seedling emerges, it needs light. If using artificial light, keep the source at a safe distance (about 16 to 24 inches for LED). Dont fertilize for the first two weeks. Water in a circle around the seedling, not directly on it. Less is more at this stage.